Two abilities are critical in translating content from one language to another. The skill to understand the source language content and the skill to express the concept in the target language are important.
In order to understand the source content, the linguist must understand the basic concepts that are assumed by the original document writer. The writer does not always describe his ideas completely but instead assumes a certain level of subject literacy for his readers. Therefore, to translate medical information, a minimum level of background knowledge on medical terms and their relationships is preferred. Background information become more important when translating content describing procedures, such as “how to fix an automotive device”. In these application cases, understanding the physical properties of the components is necessary in addition to the correct translated names of the tools and parts.
In expressing the source content in the target language, words that match the intended subject and audience must be selected. Public announcements released by corporations should not use the same writing style or words as advertisement campaigns. Advertisements must be easy to understand for everybody and should also have a catchy phrase (which may not always be grammatically correct). On the other hand, company messages must avoid using structures and wording that can be misunderstood, thereby presenting mistaken images of the firm.
Some contents for translation do not require special background knowledge, because only familiar concepts are used. However, other contents require subject experts in technology, how-to procedures, or surrounding political environment, to convert accurately.